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Home/Immune & Antimicrobial/KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine)

KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine)

Naturally occurring tripeptide fragment of alpha-MSH studied for anti-inflammatory effects, mainly in intestinal and skin models.

Overview

KPV is the tripeptide lysine-proline-valine, corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). It has attracted research interest as a minimal anti-inflammatory fragment: studies in cell culture and rodent models of colitis report reduced inflammatory signaling and improved mucosal healing, and related work has examined its effects on skin inflammation and wound repair. The peptide has a modest but genuine peer-reviewed literature, almost entirely preclinical.

Mechanism

KPV is proposed to retain some of the anti-inflammatory activity of the parent alpha-MSH molecule. Reported effects include suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of NF-kB signaling, and reduced neutrophil infiltration in models of intestinal inflammation. Its precise receptor pharmacology is not fully established, and some studies note direct antioxidant-type actions in addition to melanocortin-related signaling.

Dosing

In published rodent studies KPV has been administered by injection or locally at protocol-specific doses; in vitro concentrations are reported per study. No human research dosing has been standardized, and figures should be taken from the primary literature.

Expected Effects

  • reduced inflammatory cytokine levels in cell-culture models
  • amelioration of colitis-like inflammation and mucosal damage in rodent studies
  • anti-inflammatory and healing effects in some skin and wound models

Side Effects & Tolerability

As an endogenous amino-acid sequence fragment, KPV is generally considered low-risk in the limited animal data available; systematic toxicology and human tolerability studies have not been published.

Storage

Lyophilized KPV should be stored desiccated, protected from light, and kept frozen at -20 deg C or below. After reconstitution, refrigerate at 2-8 deg C and use promptly, avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

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